The rapid growth of cloud, video, and especially AI workloads is pushing conventional optical infrastructure toward its capacity limits. Several studies show that single-mode fiber has nearly exhausted familiar modulation dimensions such as amplitude, frequency, and polarization; the only remaining dimension with significant scalability is space . This is why Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM) and Multi-Core Fiber (MCF) are emerging as strategic directions for next-generation

The Asia Direct Cable (ADC), a major intra-Asia submarine cable system, is now operational, significantly boosting telecommunications...

Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, is reportedly planning to build an extensive global submarine Internet...